Fig. 6

Effects of PSELT against cell hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol in vitro. A F-actinin morphological staining of AC16 human cardiomyocytes exposed to vehicle (saline, NaCl 0.9%) indicated as a CTRL, isoproterenol (ISO) (100 µM), ISO + PSELT and PSELT (5 nM) for 48 h and relative quantification of cell surface area performed by ImageJ. Scale bars: (a, b, c, d) 25 μm and (a1, b1, c1, d1) 12.5 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Significant differences were detected by one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. **p < 0.01. Evaluation of mRNA expression levels of B NPPA (ANP) and C NPPB (BNP), by qPCR in AC16 human cardiomyocytes exposed to vehicle (CTRL), ISO, ISO + PSELT and PSELT for 48 h. Samples were analyzed in duplicate (n = 3 independent experiments). The relative mRNA expression levels of the hypertrophic genes were normalized to 18S rRNA. Fold change is calculated on the basis of the 2^−ΔΔCT. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Significant differences were detected by one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. D F-actinin staining of AC16 cells exposed to vehicle (saline, NaCl 0.9%) indicated as a CTRL, isoproterenol (ISO) (100 µM), ISO + I-PSELT and I-PSELT (5 nM) for 48 h and relative quantification of cell size performed by ImageJ. Scale bars: (a, b, c, d) 25 μm and (a1, b1, c1, d1) 12.5 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and significant differences were detected by one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. ***p < 0.001