Fig. 3From: Short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial strains attenuate experimental ulcerative colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via JAK/STAT3/FOXO3 axis inactivationTreatment with a mixture of seven short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial strains (7-mix) and the resulting culture supernatant mixture (mix-sup) regulates macrophage polarization. A-B. qRT-PCR analysis of the effect of 7-mix, mix-sup, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the mRNA expression of cytokines produced by M1 and M2 macrophages. C. Flow cytometry analysis of the effect of 7-mix, mix-sup, and FMT on macrophage polarization. D-E. Immunofluorescence analysis of the effect of 7-mix, mix-sup, and FMT on the number of F4/80+ and CD206+ macrophages (×400). N = 3–4. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001Back to article page