Table 2 Baseline and post-45-day VLCKD dysbiosis and oxidative stress parameters of women with acne and obesity

TMAO (µM)

5.20 ± 1.70

2.60 ± 1.39

< 0.001

dROMS (U Carr)

369.65 ± 50.78

224.64 ± 58.89

< 0.001

 Normal (250–300 U Carr) (n, %)

–

28 (90.3)

χ² = 47.48, p < 0.001

 Borderline (300–320 U Carr) (n, %)

2 (6.5)

1 (3.2)

χ² = 0.01, p = 0.999

 Mild oxidative stress (321–340 U Carr) (n, %)

8 (25.8)

2 (6.5)

χ² = 2.98, p = 0.084

 Moderate oxidative stress (341–400 U Carr) (n, %)

14 (45.2)

–

χ² = 15.59, p < 0.001

 High oxidative stress (401–500 U Carr) (n, %)

7 (22.6)

–

χ² = 5.80, p = 0.016