Fig. 1

ECP treatment mitigates the clinical manifestations of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. a The schematic outlines the protocol for establishing the CIA murine model and the subsequent experimental procedures. b Hind paw images exemplify the reduction of swelling and ankylosis in CIA mice, with the images captured on Day 50 (c) Body weights of mice were recorded every 2 days following booster immunization. d Arthritic scores of mice were recorded every 2 days after booster immunization. e Serum anti-type II collagen IgG concentrations were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001