Statins as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy: a Mendelian randomization and cross-sectional observational study

Table 3 Association between statins use status and risk of DR

Outcome	Exposure	Type of medication	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Outcome	Exposure	Type of medication	OR	95%CI	P val	OR	95%CI	Pval	OR	95%CI	P val
DR	Statin use status	Taking statins	Refs.			Refs.			Refs.
		Taking other drugs	0.85	(0.76,0.95)	0.005	0.94	(0.82,1.08)	0.54	0.92	(0.81,1.07)	0.29
		Not taking statins	0.36	(0.26,0.50)	< 0.001	0.54	(0.37,0.79)	0.001	0.51	(0.35,0.75)	0.001

DR: Diabetic retinopathy; Model 1: Univariate analysis model; Model 2: Multivariate analysis model adjusted for HbA1c levels, hypertension prevalence, DM duration and alcohol consumption; Model 3: Multivariate analysis model adjusted for HbA1c levels, hypertension prevalence, DM duration, alcohol consumption, age and race

ISSN: 1479-5876