Fig. 3

Cardiopulmonary vitals, motor testing, and tissue integrity. Non-tumor bearing mice (n = 6) (a) heart and (b) respiratory rates were measured before, during, and after brainstem sonication. Red arrows indicate timepoint of MBs injection, grey regions depict timepoint of FUS treatment window, solid horizontal lines indicate group means, and surrounding shaded areas represent one standard deviation. c Deacon sequential weightlifting test. i: FUS-only, ii: RT + FUS concurrent, iii: RT + FUS 1-week, iv: RT + FUS 1-month. Paired motor data for each mouse is represented in different colors for ease of visualization. d Representative H&E staining of brainstem tissues from control (i), FUS-only (ii), RT-only (iii), RT + FUS concurrent (iv), RT + FUS post 1-week (v), and RT + FUS post 1-month (vi) groups. Each right panel is magnified from the white square of the left panel. Long arrows indicate cell swelling, vacuolar degeneration, and eosinophilic neurons with pyknosis. Arrow heads indicate mononuclear cell infiltration. Filled star: Blood vessel. Scale bar = 1 mm (left panels), 50 µm (right panels)