Fig. 1
Experimental design, radiotherapy, and FUS delivery. a Schematic diagram of experimental timeline of non-tumor bearing mice. RT was delivered with 39 Gy/13fx Monday-Friday over 2.6 weeks. In RT + FUS combination groups, animals received one round of FUS either 1 month after, 1 week after, or concurrently with RT. b Schematic diagram of experimental timeline of tumor-bearing mice. 39 Gy/13fx of RT was delivered starting from 1 week after tumor implantation. RT + FUS animals underwent two rounds of FUS spaced 1 week apart concurrently with RT. T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1 + C) MRI was obtained after each sonication to confirm BBBO. c Representative images of MRI-based radiation treatment planning of SARRP. The green contour indicates the T2 hyperintensity of the tumor with approximately 1 mm expansion respecting anatomical boundaries. The isodose lines were shown in different colors representing the percentage of prescription dose delivered. d Schematic diagram of the experimental setup RT with XRAD-320. The yellow column represents the RT delivered through 2 × 2 cm2 collimator designed in an axial arrangement. e Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for FUS-induced BBB opening