Fig. 1

Accumulation of acylcarnitines promotes GBC migration. A Lipids were detected by LC–MS-based lipidomics in gallbladder carcinoma and para-tumor tissues. B Different types of acylcarnitines (ACs) in GBC tissues. C KEGG enrichment analysis of differential genes between cancer and adjacent tissues (GSE76633). D Expression of FAO related genes in paired GBC and adjacent tissues. E Transwell assays were performed in NOZ and GBC-SD cells cocultured with triglycerides, acylcarnitines and JNK inhibitor SP600125. Scale bars, 100 μm. F Protein levels of p-JNK and JNK in NOZ and GBC-SD cells after different treatment. G Transwell assays were used in NOZ and GBC-SD cell after CPT2 overexpression and knockdown. Scale bars, 100 μm. H Representative images of liver metastasis after 4-week high fat intake(left). Liver tissues section were stained by hematoxylin and eosin(right). Scale bars, 100 μm. I Images of tumor formation in nude mice after 4-week high fat intake. J Kaplan–Meier survival curves of 322 GBC patients with different levels of serum triglycerides