Fig. 4

DHM regulated the expression of hepatic insulin resistance-related factors in HFD-induced rats and palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells. A The mRNA levels and B the protein expressions of G6Pase, GLUT2, and PEPCK were assessed by the use of RT-qPCR and western blot analysis in the livers of six groups of rats fed normal chow diet (NC), HFD, HFD with DHM (DHM-L, DHM-M, DHM-H), and HFD with meiformin (MET), respectively (n = 3). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 vs. the NC group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. the HFD group. For 24 h, HepG2 cells were treated with PA (0.5 mM) and DHM (10 uM). C G6Pase, GLUT2, and PEPCK mRNA levels were determined by RT-qPCR. D Western blot analysis of G6Pase, GLUT2, and PEPCK protein expression. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 vs. the Con group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. the PA group. The protein quantities were determined by comparing them to the quantity of GAPDH protein