Fig. 5

Comparison of human gut microbiota and SCFAs in the control (Ctrl) and C. Butyricum (CB) treated groups. a The Shannon diversity index of the two groups over time. b Changes in bacterial abundance at the phylum level. Significant points indicate a statistically significant difference in phylum levels between the two groups at each time point. c Genera that differed significantly between the two groups at each time point were identified using LefSe analysis, with only the genera with LDA > 2 and p < 0.05 shown. d Changes in SCFA levels in fecal samples at different time points. *p < 0.05