Fig. 8

Effects of TS–FMT supplementation on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. A The α-diversity of gut microbiota was determined using Simpson index; B the α-diversity of gut microbiota was determined using Chao1 index; C unweighted UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the OTU levels; D the flora composition of mice at the phylum level (Additional file 3: Table S3); E the flora composition of mice at the genus level (Additional file 4: Table S4); F correlation heatmap analysis using the Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between intestinal bacteria and the severity of Colon length, DAI score, Histopathology score, IL-β, IL-6, TNF-α, Occludin, and Cluadin-3. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (CON–FMT: the feces of the Control group were given to the DSS-treated mice for fecal microbiota transplantation, TS–FMT: the feces of the normal mice orally administered with TS alone were given to the DSS-treated mice for fecal microbiota transplantation)