Fig. 6

TS–FMT alleviated inflammatory pathway in the DSS-induced UC mice. A The inflammatory cytokines level of TNF-α; B IL-1β; C IL-6; D the relative expression of IκBα phosphorylation levels was normalized to GAPDH; E p65 and IκBα phosphorylation levels were analyzed by Western blot; F the relative expression of p65 phosphorylation levels was normalized to GAPDH; G the relative expression of p38 phosphorylation levels was normalized to GAPDH; H MAPK p38, JNK, and ERK phosphorylation levels were analyzed by Western blot; I the relative expression of ERK phosphorylation levels were normalized to GAPDH; J the relative expression of JNK phosphorylation levels were normalized to GAPDH. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). Significance was determined by ANOVA with Tukey’s analysis, p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (CON–FMT: the feces of the Control group were given to the DSS-treated mice for fecal microbiota transplantation, TS–FMT: the feces of the normal mice orally administered with TS alone were given to the DSS-treated mice for fecal microbiota transplantation)