Fig. 2

Hes and Nar affect the viability of MM cell lines. A Real time Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) measurement in closed chambers performed on H929 cell line, 48 h after Hes (250 µM—left panel) or Nar (250 µM—right panel) treatment. Histogram bars report multiple key parameters, including basal respiration, spare capacity, maximal respiration, leak state and ATP production, calculated following consecutive injections of 2 µM Oligomycin, 0.5 µM FCCP and 2 µM Antimycin A. *p < 0.05. B Cell viability was assessed by CTG assay, 48 h after treatment with increasing doses of Hes (left panel) or Nar (right panel), as compared to vehicle (DMSO). Viable cells are reported as percentage of DMSO-treated cells. *p < 0.05. C Heat-map showing combination indexes (CI), determined by Calcusyn software, in AMO cells, 48 h after combined treatment of Hes (100–250 µM; left panel) or Nar (100–250 µM; right panel), with BZB (1–2.5 nM) or CFZ (0.5–1 nM). D Cell viability assessed by CTG assay in AMO cells stably overexpressing DNM1L gene, 72 h after 100 µM Hes or 100 µM Nar exposure. Immunoblot shows protein levels of HA-tagged Drp1 after transduction; GAPDH was used as loading control. *p < 0.05. E Cell viability assessed by Luciferase Glo assay in luciferase-expressing AMO cells, co-cultured in adhesion to BMSCs and exposed to Hes and Nar for 48 h. Cell viability was expressed as percentage of luciferase activity with respect to DMSO-treated cells. Data represent the average ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05. F Colony formation assay performed on AMO cells exposed to 250 µM Hes or 250 µM Nar for 10 days; DMSO was used as vehicle. Histogram bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Representative images of colonies at day 10 are reported