Fig. 5

Changes in gut barrier-associated protein levels and inflammatory cytokine levels in the antibiotic-induced neonatal mouse model after treatment with AI-2 combined with LGG. a Western blotting analysis of Hcar2, claudin3, and claudin4 levels in the intestine among the four groups. b–d Quantitative analysis of Hcar2, claudin3, and claudin4 levels normalized to that of β-actin among the four groups (n = 4 per group). e, f ELISA-based comparison of TNF-α and IL-10 levels in the intestines among the four groups (n = 5 per group). Values are presented as the mean ± SEM. Significance was tested using one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-10, Interleukin 10