Fig. 3

Observation of the adhesion of LGG on the surface of intestinal mucosa by SEM. a Morphological observation of LGG under a scanning electron microscope. Changes to biofilms and bacterial adhesion in the colon of b untreated mouse, c control, d AI-2, e LGG, f LGG+AI-2 groups (n = 3 per group) under the scanning electron microscope. The differences at the g genus level between LGG group and LGG+AI-2 group (n = 8 per group). Values are presented as the mean ± SEM. Significance was tested using Wilcoxon rank-sum test