Fig. 1

Clinical application of cell therapies. Some medical centers manufacture autologous cell and gene therapies to treat patients at their center, however, many medical centers are using autologous cell therapies manufactured offsite. A When cell therapies are manufactured onsite the cells used to begin the manufacturing process are collected in an apheresis center and they are sent to the cell processing laboratory where the cell therapy is manufactured. After manufacturing is complete, the laboratory issues the cell therapy to the patient care unit where it is infused into the patient. B When cell therapies are manufactured offsite, the cells used to begin manufacturing are collected in an apheresis unit, the cells are sent to the medical center’s laboratory which ships the cells to the centralized manufacturing laboratory. The medical center laboratory may have to cryopreserve the cells before shipping them to the centralized laboratory. After the centralized laboratory completes the manufacturing of the cells the cell therapy is sent to hospital-based laboratory where it is stored until it is issued to the patient care unit and administered to the patient. (Created with Biorender)