Fig. 1

Strategies for serum and urinary supernatant Olink proteomics studies. Serum and urine supernatants were collected from BC patients (n = 99) and HC controls (n = 50) for the Olink-Oncology II panel. Bioinformatics analysis was subsequently performed to identify and validate potential bladder cancer liquid biopsy biomarkers. Early diagnosis of bladder cancer was achieved by the LASSO method, and model evaluation was performed. B bladder cancer, HC healthy control; AUC area under the curve