Table 2 Changes in the concentration of FFAs in the blood of GDM patients compared to controls

Total FFA

↑

↑

Saturated FFA

↑

↑

C14:0, myristic acid

↑

↑

↓

C15:0,pentadecanoic acid

C16:0, palmitic acid

↑

↑

↑

C17:0,heptadecanoic acid

↑

C18:0, stearic acid

↑

↑

↑

C19:0, nonadecylic acid

C20:0, arachidic acid

↑

↑

C22:0, behenic acid

↓

↓

↓

C24:0, lignoceric acid

↓

↓

↓

Monounsaturated FFA

↑

C14:1n-9,myristoleic acid

C16:1n-7,palmitoleic acid

↑

↑

C16:1n-9,cis-7 hexadecenoic acid

↑

↑

↓

C17:1(cis-10), cis-10-heptadecenoic acid;

↑

C18:1n-9, oleic acid (OA)

↑

↑

↑

↑

C18:1trans-n-7, vaccenic acid

C19:1n-9,cis-10 nonadecenoic acid

↑

C20:1n-9, gondoic acid

↑

Polyunsaturated FFA

C16:2cis-9,12-hexadecadienoic acid

↑

PUFA n-3

↑

C18:3n-3,α-linolenic acid (ALA)

↓?

↑

↑

↑

C20:5n-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

↑

↑

C22:3n-3 docosatrienoic acid

↑

C22:5n-3, docosapentaenoic acid

↑

↑

C22:6n-3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

↑

↑

PUFA n-6

↑

C18:2n-6, linoleic acid (LA)

↑

C18:3n-6,γ-linolenic acid (GLA)

↓?

↑

↑

↓

C20:2n-6, eicosadienoic acid

↑

↑

↓

C20:3n-6, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)

↑

↑

↑

↓

C20:4n-6, arachidonic acid (ARA)

↑

C22:4n-6, adrenic acid

↓

TransFFA

C16:1trans-n-7, trans-palmitoleic acid

C18:2trans-n-6, linolelaidic acid

C14:1(trans-9), trans-9-tetradecenoic acid

↑