Fig. 5

Communications between cervix, vagina, urethra and rectal microbiota in participants with or without HPV. A PCoA analysis showed the difference of microbial community structure in different parts of cervix, vagina, urethra and rectal with or without HPV infection. B Venn diagrams showed the unique and shared OTUs among cervix, vagina, urethra and rectum. C Prevalence and relative abundances of the top 30 shared OTU in no HPV and HPV. D Spearman correlation coefficient network diagram of the relative abundance of OTUs shared by the cervix, vagina, urethra, and rectum (Red line: positive correlation and green line: negative correlation, Red nodes: high abundance in the HPV-P group, and green nodes: high abundance in the HPV-N group)