Fig. 3

Metabolic heterogeneity and dynamics of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. A UMAP plot of T cells and NK cells, color-coded by cell type. B Differences in Metabolic Activity of Various T Cell Subtypes Between Tumor Microenvironment and Normal Tissue Microenvironment, Represented by Solid and Hollow Circles Signifying P-values < 0.05 and > 0.05, respectively. C Correlation of glycolytic activity in various T cell types with multiple biological functions. D UMAP plot of CD8⁺ T cells, color-coded by cell subtype. E UMAP plot of CD8⁺ T cells, color-coded by inferred pseudotime trajectory position, ranging from black (trajectory start) to yellow (trajectory end). F Exhaustion marker gene expression in T cells along the inferred pseudotime trajectory. G Line plots depicting the expression of cytotoxicity and naive T cell marker genes along the inferred pseudotime trajectory. H Line plot showing dynamic changes in energy metabolism activity along the inferred pseudotime trajectory. I Line plot illustrating dynamic changes in amino acid metabolism activity along the inferred pseudotime trajectory. J Heatmap of transcription factor activity in CD8⁺ T cells, with red indicating high activity and blue indicating low activity. UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection