Fig. 7

Distribution of urine output in normal population (solid curve) using a placebo or an effective diuretic (dashed curve). The mean values are represented by vertical red lines. The mean and the SD in our example are 1400 and 300 mL/24 h for the normal population (estimates observed in the placebo group), and 1550 mL/24 h (corresponding to a medium effect size of 0.5) and 350 mL/24 h (estimated observed SD) for the treatment group, respectively