Fig. 2

RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR of the LC and IP + LC models A Hierarchically clustered heatmap showing gene expression patterns. B Each dot represents one tumor sample subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). C Volcano plot of IP + LC and LC model gene expression profiles (n = 3/group). D Upregulated and downregulated terms in Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment pathway analysis when comparing the LC and IP + LC models. The terms are categorized into biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF). The y-axis shows the top 10 terms, and the x-axis shows the negative logarithm of the P-value. E Heatmap showing a portion of differentially expressed genes related to the HIF-1 signaling pathway between the models. F–I Comparison of mRNA expression of Hif1a, Timp1, Vegfa, and Col1a1 in tumor tissues obtained from the LC and IP + LC models on day 21 (n = 4–5/group). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01