Table 2 The relationship between macrophage and HCC involved pathway and clinical outcome
From: Macrophage metabolism, phenotype, function, and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Cell | Pathway | Clinical outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|
The effect of HCC cells on macrophages | |||
 HCC cells | FOXO1/ IRF1/ NO axis | Reprogramming macrophages and inhibiting HCC progression | [35] |
 HCC cells | PKC/ZFP64/CSF1 axis | Inducing M2-like polarization to mediate immune suppression and resistance to anti-PD1 therapy | [42] |
 HCC cells | MiR4458HG/ARG1 axis | Promoting M2-like polarization and creating an environment conducive to HCC cells | [73] |
 HCC cells | PGE2/PD-L1; PGE2/cAMP pathway | Reducing anti-tumor response of T cells, promoting M2-like polarization and inducing HCC growth | |
 HCC cells | Lactic acid/Gpr132; Lactic acid/ARG1, ARG2 axis | Transforming M1-like macrophages into M2-like; Promoting the release of tumor substances, damaging the activity of other immune cells, and enhancing the metastasis of cancer cells | |
The effect of macrophages on HCC | |||
 Macrophages | TREM1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down-regulation | Transforming M2-like macrophages into M1-like, preventing HCC cell invasion and metastasis | [43] |
 Macrophages | TNFR1/NF- κ B/p38/MAPK pathway | Reducing immunosuppressive effect of TAMs, promoting T cell related cytotoxicity, and inducing HCC cell apoptosis | [71] |
 Macrophage | Wnt2b/β/C-Myc pathway | Promoting the conversion of M2-like TAMs and enhancing HCC progression | [72] |
 Macrophage | Nogo-B-Yap/Taz axis | Promoting M2-like TAMs polarization and HCC cells proliferation | [74] |
 Macrophage | LPS/HIF1 α/mTOR axis | Promoting glycolytic activity, leading to M1-like phenotype polarization, and inhibiting tumor progression | [76] |
 Macrophage | SIRT4/FAO/PPAR/STAT3 pathway | Promoting M2-like polarization and HCC progression | [88] |
 Macrophage | Glutamic acid/glutamine/OXPHOS pathway | Promoting M2-like polarization and tumor progression | [29] |
 Macrophage | Arginine/iNOS/NO, glycolysis pathway | Promoting M1-like polarization and inhibiting tumor progression | [29] |
 Macrophage | LncRNA cox-2/iNOS, TNF- α axis | Inhibiting HCC cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis | [104] |
 Macrophage | Tryptophan/IDO pathway | Reducing tryptophan used by T cells, producing metabolites to inhibit T cell function, and inhibiting anti-tumor immunity | [89] |