Fig. 1

Process of miRNA production and processing. The gene encoding miRNA is transcribed into pri-miRNA, cleaved into pre-miRNA under the action of Drosha and Pasha, and then transported to the cytoplasm by RanGPT/exportin 5. Dicer in the cytoplasm further cleaves pre-miRNA into double-stranded miRNA (miRNA*:miRNA, miRNA* refers to a strand with very low or no expression). Subsequently, the double-stranded miRNA dissociates, with mature miRNA entering RISC and binding to the 3′-UTR of mRNA to degrade mRNA or inhibit translation