Fig. 3

The signature genes of E. coli sepsis. A Upset plots show the unique and shared DEGs among different types of sepsis. B The signature genes of E. coli sepsis are identified. C The boxplot shows the average expression of signature genes and DRAM1. The P values are from a Wilcoxon test. D qRT-PCR analysis of DRAM1 expression in a cohort enrolled in this study (controls, n = 4; septic patients, n = 5). P value is determined by unpaired Welch's t-test. E Receiver operating curve for out-of-sample prediction of case–control state (up) and differentiation between E. coli sepsis and other types of sepsis (down) is trained on signature genes. F The Sankey plot (left) shows the cell abundance of each cluster (n = 40) across the 3 groups (controls, E. coli sepsis, and others). The heatmap (right) shows the correlation between signature genes and clusters. G The heatmap displays the similarity between different types of sepsis, with size and color indicating the similarity coefficient