Fig. 3

Immunomodulatory properties of ASC bioproducts. A PBMC proliferation after five days of co-culture with ASC under PHA stimulation. All values were normalized to PHA-stimulated monoculture PBMCs. B LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells showed an increase in their phagocytic activity when compared to non-stimulated cells (Neg Ctrl). Treatment with EV-SEC, Protein-Rich Fraction and CM enhanced the number of positive phagocytic cells with respect to the Neg Ctrl and the EV-UC group. C Increasing the ratio of EV:THP-1 cells to 20:1 significantly enhanced the phagocytic stimulation of both EV preparations. Data are represented as the mean ± SD of N = 3 ASC donors and n = 6 technical replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using Two-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test; * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.001, *** = p < 0.0001, **** = p < 0.00001. # Significance versus the negative control