Fig. 5

Characterizing endothelial cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. A Single-cell map showing endothelial cell subsets. B UMAP plots of 1425 endothelial cells from eight patient samples. C UMAP showing single-cell profiles of endothelial cells in the angiogenic and non-angiogenic groups. D Endothelial cell subcluster composition for different patients. E Scatter plot showing differences in the distribution of endothelial cell subclusters between angiogenic negative and positive groups. The ecology of angiogenic and non-angiogenic breast cancer groups. F–G Violin plot and UMAP figure showing the expression of markers related to angiogenesis and exosomes in these endothelial cell subsets and individual distribution. H Immunofluorescence images of CXCR4, S100A9 and PPP1R1B expression, which are highly specific in the angiogenesis group and distribution of marker genes. Scale bar, 20 µm. I Representative IHC images of gene signatures