Fig. 4

The insulin-mediated reduction in colitis pathogenesis is dependent on the gut microbiota. A–F Abx intervention significantly decreased the abundance of bacteria. Mice were treated with or without Abx for 5 days. Then, the water was changed to 2.5% DSS, and the mice were treated with insulin (n = 7 per group). B Body weight changes were monitored daily after DSS administration. C Colons were harvested from mice treated with PBS and insulin. D Colon length and E DAI scores in all the groups. F Representative images of H&E staining of colon sections from different treatment groups. Scale bar, 100 μm. G–L WT mice were treated with Abx for 5 days, administered 2.5% DSS and underwent FMT of feces originating from the normal group, insulin-treated DSS group and PBS-treated DSS group (n = 7 per group). H Body weight changes were monitored daily after DSS administration. I Colons were harvested from mice treated with PBS and insulin. J Colon length and K DAI scores in all the groups. L Representative images of H&E staining of colon sections from different treatment groups. Scale bar, 100 μm