Fig. 2

Dutasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, reverses the increase in growth and proliferation of bladder cancer cell lines induced by testosterone treatment A mRNA expression analysis of androgen receptor (AR) and SLC39A9 (mAR) in normal bladder and cancer cell lines. The relative expression level was normalized against the housekeeping gene GAPDH. N = 3. B, C Proliferation of T24 and J82 bladder cancer cells with or without 10 nM testosterone (T) and 1 μM dutasteride was analyzed by counting the number of cells every 24 h for 3 days with trypan blue exclusion. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests. N = 3. D–G Bladder cancer cell colonies were cultured with or without 10 nM testosterone and 1 μM dutasteride and the number of colonies after 2 weeks was quantified. N = 3. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. All values are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001