Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia in the training, validation, and testing cohorts
From: CT radiomics facilitates more accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia: compared with CO-RADS
Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 379) | P value | Validation cohort (n = 131) | P value | Testing cohort (n = 40) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-COVID-19 group (n = 313) | COVID-19 group (n = 66) | Non-COVID-19 group (n = 102) | COVID-19 group (n = 29) | non-COVID-19 group (n = 20) | COVID-19 group (n = 20) | ||||
Age, median (IQR), years | 7.0 (26.0) | 47.5 (20.5) | < 0.001 | 30.5 (49.2) | 40.0 (20.5) | 0.019 | 56.5 (30.5) | 43.0 (13.0) | 0.081 |
Gender (%) | 0.006 | 0.587 | 0.749 | ||||||
Female | 177 (56.5) | 25 (37.9) | 62 (60.8) | 16 (55.2) | 9 (45.0) | 8 (40.0) | |||
Male | 136 (43.5) | 41 (62.1) | 40 (39.2) | 13 (44.8) | 11 (55.0) | 12 (60.0) | |||
Initial symptoms (%) | |||||||||
Snotty | 6 (1.9) | 3 (4.5) | 0.407 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.4) | 0.221 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.500 |
Sore throat | 7 (2.2) | 4 (6.1) | 0.201 | 9 (8.8) | 6 (20.7) | 0.15 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.468 |
Cough | 292 (93.3) | 52 (78.8) | < 0.001 | 89 (87.3) | 17 (58.6) | 0.001 | 15 (75.0) | 16 (80.0) | > 0.999 |
Sputum | 123 (39.3) | 20 (30.3) | 0.171 | 18 (17.6) | 6 (20.7) | 0.709 | 2 (10.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.405 |
Fever | 196 (62.6) | 48 (72.7) | 0.119 | 65 (63.7) | 24 (82.8) | 0.053 | 11 (55.0) | 14 (70.0) | 0.327 |
Dyspnoea | 3 (1.0) | 4 (6.1) | 0.022 | 2 (2.0) | 1 (3.4) | 0.531 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.500 |
Laboratory testa (%) | |||||||||
White blood cell count | 127 (40.6) /17 (5.4) | 9 (13.6) /15 (22.7) | < 0.001 | 22 (21.6)/ 5 (4.9) | 0 (0.0)/ 6 (20.7) | 0.014 | 7 (35.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 3 (15.0)/ 3 (15.0) | 0.098 |
Neutrophil count | 70 (22.4)/ 16 (5.1) | 10 (15.2)/ 3 (4.5) | 0.402 | 28 (27.5)/ 2 (2.0) | 8 (27.6)/ 1(3.4) | 0.989 | 8 (40.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 5 (25.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 0.311 |
Neutrophil ratio | 114 (36.4)/ 34 (10.9) | 9 (13.6) / 4 (6.1) | < 0.001 | 43 (42.2)/ 12 (11.8) | 5 (17.2)/ 2 (6.9) | 0.017 | 9 (45.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 5 (25.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 0.185 |
Lymphocyte count | 68 (21.7)/74 (23.6) | 2 (3.0)/ 36 (54.5) | < 0.001 | 5 (4.9)/ 32 (31.4) | 0 (0.0)/ 17 (58.6) | 0.007 | 0 (0.0)/ 10 (50.0) | 0 (0.0)/ 5 (25.0) | 0.102 |
Lymphocyte ratio | 38 (12.1)/ 107 (34.2) | 2 (3.0)/ 34 (51.5) | 0.009 | 10 (9.8)/ 43 (42.2) | 1 (3.4)/ 15 (51.7) | 0.449 | 0 (0.0)/ 9 (45.0) | 0 (0.0)/ 5 (25.0) | 0.185 |
C-reactive protein | 165 (52.7)/ 0 (0.0) | 43 (65.2)/ 0 (0.0) | 0.065 | 72 (70.6)/ 0 (0.0) | 22 (75.9)/ 0 (0.0) | 0.578 | 18 (90.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 11 (55.0)/ 0 (0.0) | 0.013 |