Fig. 4

PPI network of DEGs and four cluster modules extracted by MCODE. a The interaction network between proteins coded by DEGs was comprised of 187 nodes and 307 edges. Each node represents a protein, while each edge represents one protein–protein association. Red diamonds represent the upregulated genes, and green hexagons represent the downregulated genes. The smaller the value of Q is, the larger the shape size. Four cluster modules extracted by MCODE. Cluster 1 (b) had the highest cluster score (score: 9, 9 nodes and 36 edges), followed by cluster 2 (c) (score: 5.167, 13 nodes and 31 edges), cluster 3 (d) (score: 3.333, 4 nodes and 5 edges), and cluster 4 (e) (score: 2.8, 6 nodes and 7 edges)