Table 2 Links between genetic alterations and drug response
From: Patient-derived organoid (PDO) platforms to facilitate clinical decision making
Cell type | Paper | Cell characteristics | Drug sensitivities |
|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer organoids | [28] | Overexpression of HER2 | Sensitive to drugs blocking HER signalinga |
Breast cancer organoids | [28] | High BRCA1/2 signature | Sensitive to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: olaparib and niraparib |
Colorectal cancer organoids | Loss of function mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53 | Resistant to nutlin-3a | |
Colorectal cancer organoids | [47] | Truncating mutation in RNF43 (a recessive cancer gene encoding a negative regulator of WNT pathway) | Highly sensitive to the WNT secretion inhibitor IWP2 |
Liver cancer organoids | [6] | CTNNB1 mutants Wnt-dependent tumor KRAS mutant Lines that are insensitive to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib and drametinib) | Resistant to the porcupine inhibitor LGK974 Sensitive to the porcupine inhibitor LGK974 Resistant to the EGFR family inhibitor AZD8931 Organoid formation inhibited by SCH772984 |
Liver cancer organoids transplanted into mice | [6] | Lines that are insensitive to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib and drametinib) | Significant reduction in tumor growth by SCH772984 |
Prostate cancer organoids | [27] | PTEN loss and PIK3R1 mutation | Sensitive to both everolimus and BKM-120 |