Fig. 4

Flow-dependent regulation of cav-1, eNOS, and GCX is confirmed in vivo. a Schematic of the partial carotid ligation model in which three of the four caudal branches of the LCA are ligated, generating acute DF within the LCA. b DF induced by partial ligation decreases cav-1 (red) expression in the LCA, when compared to (c) non-ligated LCAs. Nuclei were stained using DAPI (blue) while autofluorescence from elastin was also imaged (green). d DF induced by partial ligation also decreases GCX expression as determined by WGA staining when compared to (e) non-ligated LCAs. f Schematic of the aorta, showing the inferior curvature of the aortic arch and the abdominal aorta where ECs were examined. g–l The expression of cav-1, eNOS, and WGA is decreased in the aortic arch (g, i, k) when compared to the abdominal aorta (h, j, l), respectively