Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics (N = 51)

Median age, years (IQR)

61.2 (54.5–64.6)

57.3 (52.7–61.5)

0.512 ⁽¹⁾

Female, n (%)

12 (52.17)

15 (53.57)

0.921 ⁽²⁾

Ethnicity, n (%):

 Caucasian

22 (95.65)

28 (100.00)

0.451 ⁽³⁾

 Other

1 (4.35)

0 (0.00)

Anthropometric data

 Mean weight, kg (SD)

76.7 (13.98)

82.5 (23.17)

0.291 ⁽⁴⁾

 Mean body mass index, kg/cm² (SD)

27.9 (4.44)

29.8 (10.19)

0.418 ⁽⁴⁾

Vital signs

 Mean SBP (mmHg) (SD)

129.4 (15.05)

128.5 (14.74)

0.399 ⁽⁴⁾

 Mean DBP (mmHg) (SD)

82.3 (10.09)

78 (11.93)

0.058 ⁽⁴⁾

 Mean heart rate (bpm)(SD)

70.6 (6.72)

69.9 (9.43)

0.764 ⁽¹⁾

Toxic habits/lifestyle

 Smoking habits

0.220 ⁽³⁾

 Current smoker, n (%)

2 (28.57)

1 (16.67)

 Ex-smoker, n (%)

4 (57.14)

5 (83.33)

 Alcohol drinker, n (%)

7 (100.00)

6 (100.00)

Feeding habits

 Fish consumption, n (%):

23 (100.00)

27 (96.43)

0.549 ⁽³⁾

 Nut consumptions, n (%):

20 (86.96)

24 (85.71)

0.313 ⁽³⁾

Physical activity habits

 Exercise, n (%)

22 (95.65)

23 (82.14)

0.126 ⁽³⁾

 Mean minutes per week (SD)

192.3 (115.67)

279.6 (175.74)

0.057 ⁽¹⁾

 Exercise Intensity

0.075 ⁽³⁾

  Low

14 (63.64)

12 (52.17)

  Moderate

7 (31.82)

11 (47.83)

  High

1 (4.55)

0 (0.00)

Medical history

 Arterial hypertension

9 (39.13)

5 (17.86)

0.039 ⁽³⁾

 Chondromalacia

5 (21.74)

6 (21.43)

 Rheumatoid arthritis

1 (4.35)

1 (3.57)

 Other

3 (13.04)

2 (7.14)

Osteoarthritis-related data

 Kellgren y Lawrence classification, n (%)

0.637 ⁽²⁾

  Mild (Grade 2)

17 (73.91)

19 (67.86)

  Moderate (Grade 3)

6 (26.09)

9 (32.14)

 ACR Criterium, n (%) ⁽⁵⁾

0.086 ⁽³⁾

  I

18 (78.26)

22 (78.57)

  II

3 (13.04)

2 (7.14)

  III

2 (8.70)

4 (14.29)

 Osteoarthritis family history, n (%)

15 (65.22)

16 (57.14)

0.557 ⁽²⁾

 Family history of rheumatoid disease, n (%)

0 (0.00)

1 (3.57)

0.549 ⁽³⁾