Transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances early dexterity skills with the left non-dominant hand: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Results of the post-hoc test and Cohen’s d values for two PPT tasks

	Statistics	Active (n = 33)		Sham (n = 33)			Statistics, 95% CI, Cohen’s d(Active vs. Sham)
	Statistics	95% CI (mean difference)	Cohen’s d	Statistics	95% CI	Cohen’s d	Baseline	Online	Offline
Simple peg task
Baseline vs. Online	t = 8.63 p < 0.001^a	1.73–2.80	0.75	t = 4.39 p < 0.001^a	0.52–1.42	0.34	t = -0.53 p = 1.00^a, − 1.75–1.02, Cohen’s d = 0.13	t = 1.21 p = 0.65^a, − 0.60–2.46, Cohen’s d = 0.30	t = 1.80 p = 0.23^a, − 0.18–3.35, Cohen’s d = 0.45
Baseline vs. Offline	t = 10.95 p < 0.001^a	2.87–4.20	1.12	t = 6.45 p < 0.001^a	1.09–2.10	0.50
Online vs. Offline	t = 5.00 p < 0.001^a	0.76–1.80	0.39	t = 2.79 p = 0.026^a	0.17–1.08	0.18
Assembly task
Baseline vs. Online	t = 10.89 p < 0.001^a	2.33–3.41	1.22	t = 4.56 p < 0.001^a	0.58–2.15	0.37	t = − 0.84 p = 1.00^a, − 1.81–0.74, Cohen’s d = 0.21	t = 1.91 p = 0.18^a, − 0.60–2.63, Cohen’s d = 0.48	t = 2.59 p = 0.036^a, 0.44–3.38, Cohen’s d = 0.65
Baseline vs. Offline	t = 13.41 p < 0.001^a	3.45–4.69	1.64	t = 6.32 p < 0.001^a	1.10–2.15	0.54
Online vs. Offline	t = 7.08 p < 0.001^a	0.86–1.55	0.48	t = 3.02 p = 0.015^a	0.19–0.96	0.19

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