Fig. 5

A Expression levels of immediate early genes in the insular cortex, including c-Fos, c-Jun, Arc, Naps4. ^**p < 0.01 vs. saline; ^##p < 0.01 vs. VPA; ^###p < 0.001 vs. VPA. B Volcano plot demonstrating proteins differentially regulated in VPA compared to saline. Each data point represents a single quantified protein. Proteins in blue indicate for downregulation and in red indicate for upregulation in VPA. The abscissa of the volcano graph is log2 (FC), the farther the value from zero, the greater the difference, with upregulation on the right and downregulation on the left. The ordinate is -log10 (P-value), and the farther the ordinate value from zero, the greater the difference. C Heat map showing the up- and down-regulated proteins with a p value  < 0.05 and  ≥ 1.5-fold change between saline and VPA